UMN
UIUC
Source Model
Markov Channel Model
Microsoft Research (China)
Paper in VTC
Power allocation (not considering source power consumption)
P. Agrawal.
Northwestern Univ.
Masoud Khansari, Martin Vetterli
Marc P.C. Fossorier, Zixiang Xiong, Kenneth Zeger
UMN
1. Unified framework of source-channel-modulation coding in low power multimedia wireless communications
Tse-Hua Lan; Tewfik, A.H.
Multimedia Signal Processing, 1998 IEEE Second Workshop on , 1998
Page(s): 597 -602
Abstract:
In this work we describe a simple transform-coefficient sorting algorithm
that enhances the performance
of image compression techniques. We use multiresolution grids to localize
significant pixels and send out
pixel values using successive approximation. In the wavelet domain our
method performs slightly better
than SPIHT (in average 0.1 dB of PSNR). In the DCT domain our method outperforms
the SPIHT-based
method and the significant tree quantization method by 1 dB. Our approach
breaks the dominant role
played by the zero tree structure in image coding, and provides a low complexity
solution to image
compression.
2. Power
optimized mode selection for H.263 video coding and wireless communications
Tse-Hua Lan; Tewfik, A.H.
Image Processing, 1998. ICIP 98. Proceedings. 1998 International Conference
on , Volume: 2 , 1998
Page(s): 113 -117 vol.2
Abstract
We study how to use the H.263 video communications standard efficiently
to save the total consumed
energy of a mobile unit in cellular networks. Particularly, we study the
computational power dissipation of
various operation modes available in the H.263 coding standard. We show
how to achieve low power
consumption in a mobile unit by judiciously selecting the operating mode
of H.263 in response to the
mobile environment changes (e.g., slow fading and path loss), while maintaining
a good video quality level.
Our preliminary results show that a mobile with the proposed method consumes
10% less energy than a
mobile that comes with the most efficient power-rate mode (with a search
window size of 8) of H.263
video coding in one-hour mobile communication simulation. It even saves
around 32% energy over a
mobile operating with an advanced coding method (using four negotiating
options).
3. Adaptive low power multimedia wireless communications
Tse-Hua Lan; Tewfik, A.H.
Multimedia Signal Processing, 1997., IEEE First Workshop on , 1997
Page(s): 377 -382
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for adaptive minimization
of the total energy consumption in
multimedia wireless communications subject to achieving a given quality
of service. Our approach
exploits trade-offs between the effects of energy consumed in processing
(source and channel coding)
and energy consumed in transmission under different noise and channel conditions,
on the received
quality of the multimedia. We present several simulation results involving
image transmission that
illustrate the energy consumption savings that can be achieved using our
proposed approach.
1. A general joint source-channel matching method for wireless video transmission
Qian, L.; Jones, D.L.; Ramchandran, K.; Appadwedula, S.
Data Compression Conference, 1999. Proceedings. DCC '99 , 1999
Page(s): 414 -423
Abstract
With the rapid growth of multimedia content in wireless communication,
there is an increasing demand for
efficient image and video transmission systems. We present a joint source-channel
matching scheme for
wireless video transmission which jointly optimizes the source and channel
coder to yield the optimal
transmission quality while satisfying real-time delay and buffer constraints.
We utilize a parametric model
approach which avoids the necessity of having detailed a priori knowledge
of the coders, thus making the
scheme applicable to a wide variety of source and channel coder pairs.
Simulations show that the scheme
yields excellent results and works for several different types of source
and channel coders.
2. A
low-power multimedia communication system for indoor wireless applications
Goel, M.; Appadwedula, S.; Shambhag, N.R.; Ramchandran, K.; Jones, D.L.
Signal Processing Systems, 1999. SiPS 99. 1999 IEEE Workshop on , 1999
Page(s): 473 -482
Abstract
3. Joint
source channel matching for a wireless communications link
Appadwedula, S.; Jones, D.L.; Ramchandran, K.; Konzintsev, I.
Data Compression Conference, 1998. DCC '98. Proceedings , 1998
Page(s): 523
Abstract
A low-power multimedia communication system is proposed. Power reductions
are achieved by
employing dynamic algorithm transforms and joint source-channel coding
to reconfigure the system in
the presence of variabilities in source and channel data. Configuration
parameters are source rate, error
correction capability of the channel encoder/decoder, number of powered-up
fingers in the RAKE
receiver and transmit power of the power amplifier. Energy-optimum configurations
are obtained by
minimizing energy consumption under the constraints of end-to-end distortion
and total transmission
rate. The proposed system is tested over a variety of images, distances
(ranging from 2 to 100 meters)
and multipath channels. Simulation results using 0.18 /spl mu/m, 2.5 V
CMOS parameters show that the
reconfigurable system can achieve average energy savings of 59% as compared
to a fixed system
designed for the worst case. Also, the proposed system consumes 16% less
energy as compared to a
transmit-power-controlled system.
4. Joint
source-channel matching for a wireless communications link
Appadwedula, S.; Jones, D.L.; Ramchandran, K.; Konzintsev, I.
Communications, 1998. ICC 98. Conference Record. 1998 IEEE International
Conference on ,
Volume: 1 , 1998
Page(s): 482 -486 vol.1
Abstract
Application of joint source-channel matching in heterogeneous multimedia
environments will demand
general source-channel optimization schemes suitable for a wide variety
of source coding standards,
channel coders, and variable channel conditions. We develop a general approach
for joint
source-channel matching based on a parametric distortion model that can
be accurately applied to most
classes of source and channel coders. Our simulations indicate that it
may be possible to obtain nearly all
of the benefits of joint source-channel optimization by matching existing
source and channel coding
standards using the simple and general approach we propose.
5. Efficient
wireless image transmission under a total power constraint
Appadwedula, S.; Goel, M.; Jones, D.L.; Ramchandran, K.; Shanbhag, N.R.
Multimedia Signal Processing, 1998 IEEE Second Workshop on , 1998
Page(s): 573 -578
Abstract
Due to high data rates and limited bandwidth as well as limited battery
power, wireless multimedia
communications systems must be optimized in every possible way. We develop
a generic matching
scheme for wireless image and video communication in which the three most
significant components: the
source coder, the channel coder, and hardware power consumption, are jointly
optimized. That is, we
maximize the end-to-end image quality subject to a total power constraint
on both the RF transmission
power and the power consumption of the digital implementation of the channel
coder, which represents a
major portion of the total hardware power in short-range applications.
6. Joint
source channel matching for a wireless image transmission
Appadwedula, S.; Jones, D.L.; Ramchandran, K.; Leiming Qian
Image Processing, 1998. ICIP 98. Proceedings. 1998 International Conference
on , Volume: 2 , 1998
Page(s): 137 -141 vol.2
Abstract
Application of joint source-channel matching in heterogeneous multi-media
environments will demand
general source-channel optimization schemes suitable for a wide variety
of source coding standards,
channel coders, and variable channel conditions. We develop a general approach
for joint
source-channel matching based on a parametric distortion model that can
be accurately applied to most
classes of source and channel coders. Our simulations indicate that it
may be possible to obtain nearly all
of the benefits of joint source-channel optimization by matching existing
source and channel coding
standards using the simple and general approach we propose.
7. Total
system energy minimization for wireless image transmission
Source Model
1. Analysis
of video transmission over lossy channels
Stuhlmuller, K.; Farber, N.; Link, M.; Girod, B.
Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , Volume: 18 Issue: 6
, June 2000
Page(s): 1012 -1032
Abstract
A theoretical analysis of the overall mean squared error (MSE) in hybrid
video coding is presented for the
case of error prone transmission. Our model covers the complete transmission
system including the
rate-distortion performance of the video encoder, forward error correction,
interleaving, and the effect of
error concealment and interframe error propagation at the video decoder.
The channel model used is a
2-state Markov model describing burst errors on the symbol level. Reed-Solomon
codes are used for
forward error correction. Extensive simulation results using an H.263 video
codec are provided for
verification. Using the model, the optimal tradeoff between INTRA and INTER
coding as well as the
optimal channel code rate can be determined for given channel parameters
by minimizing the expected
MSE at the decoder. The main focus of this paper is to show the accuracy
of the derived analytical model
and its applicability to the analysis and optimization of an entire video
transmission system.
1. Non-interleaved
Reed-Solomon coding performance on finite state channels
Pimentel, C.; Blake, I.F.
Communications, 1997. ICC '97
International Conference on , Volume: 3 , 1997
Page(s): 1493 -1497 vol.3
Abstract
The analysis of a communication system operating over finite state channel
(FSC) models includes the
calculation of the probability of subsets of error sequences. In this paper
we first present an analytical
method for evaluating the performance of non-interleaved Reed-Solomon (RS)
codes over channels
modeled as FSC models with an arbitrary number of states. The main idea
is to express the probability of
the number of error symbols produced by the channel in terms of a coefficient
in a formal power series.
Next, the method is extended to study the effect on the performance when
an interleaving with finite
depth is incorporated into the communication system. The general expressions
are specialized for a
Gilbert-Elliott channel (GEC) with known model parameters, and numerical
results are derived.
2. Non-interleaved
Reed-Solomon coding over a bursty channel
Berman, T.; Freedman, J.
Military Communications Conference, 1992. MILCOM '92, Conference Record.
Communications -
Fusing Command, Control and Intelligence., IEEE , 1992
Page(s): 580 -583 vol.2
Abstract
The authors present a technique which analytically calculates the word,
symbol, and bit error rates
(BERs) of a Reed-Solomon (RS) coding system in a bursty (e.g., pulsed RF
interference) environment
with Poisson pulse arrivals, using a Markov chain model to represent burst
errors. It is faster than the
standard simulation method of analysis for low error rates, since its runtime
is independent of the desired
BER. The model is very flexible: it can analyze channels both with and
without ideal (infinite) RS
interleaving; it can analyze RS or shortened RS codes of any length, rate,
or number of bits per symbol;
and it can analyze a system which has a bursty channel characterized by
bursts with a fixed length and by
Poisson distributed arrival times. Results are presented for the commonly
used RS (255,223) code, which
guarantees correction of any 16 symbol errors.
3. Finite-state
Markov channel-a useful model for radio communication channels
Hong Shen Wang; Moayeri, N.
Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 44 Issue: 1 , Feb.
1995
Page(s): 163 -171
Abstract
The authors first study the behavior of a finite-state channel where a
binary symmetric channel is
associated with each state and Markov transitions between states are assumed.
Such a channel is
referred to as a finite-state Markov channel (FSMC). By partitioning the
range of the received
signal-to-noise ratio into a finite number of intervals, FSMC models can
be constructed for Rayleigh
fading channels. A theoretical approach is conducted to show the usefulness
of FSMCs compared to that
of two-state Gilbert-Elliott channels. The crossover probabilities of the
binary symmetric channels
associated with its states are calculated. The authors use the second-order
statistics of the received
SNR to approximate the Markov transition probabilities. The validity and
accuracy of the model are
confirmed by the state equilibrium equations and computer simulation.
4. Support
of voice services in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs
Veeraraghavan, M.; Cocker, N.; Moors, T.
INFOCOM 2001. Proceedings. IEEE , Volume: 1 , 2001
Page(s): 488 -497
5.
Papers from Cecili Pimentel
1.
Enumeration Techniques for FSC models
2.
Performance Analysis of Covolutional Codes over Channels with Memory
3.
Modeling burst channels using partitioned Fritchman's Markov models
Pimentel, C.; Blake, I.F.
Dept. of Electron. & Syst., Univ. Fed. de Pernambuco,
This paper appears in: Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on
On page(s): 885 - 899 , Aug. 1998 , Volume: 47 Issue: 3
Abstract:
Discrete models based on functions of Markov chains (also referred to as
hidden Markov models or
finite-state channel (FSC) models) have been used to characterize the error
process in communication
channels with memory. One important property of these models is that the
probability of any observed
sequence can be expressed as a linear combination of the probability of
a finite set of sequences of finite
length, the so-called basis sequences. In this paper, we express the parameters
of a class of FSC models
as a simple function of the probability of the basis sequences. Based on
this approach, we propose a new
method for the parameterization of the Fritchman (1967) channel with single-error
state as well as the
interesting cases of Fritchman channels with more than one error state
and the Gilbert-Elliott channel
((GEC) nonrenewal models). To illustrate the method, FSC models for the
nonfrequency-selective
Rician fading channel are presented. The number of states and the probability
of state transitions are
estimated for a given set of fading parameters.
6. On
the effect of imperfect interleaving for the Gilbert-Elliott channel
Wilhelmsson, L.; Milstein, L.B.
Adv. Studies Res. & Wideband Terminals, Ericsson Mobile Commun., Lund,
Sweden
This paper appears in: Communications, IEEE Transactions on
On page(s): 681 - 688 , May 1999
Abstract:
By using the Gilbert-Elliott (1960, 1963) model to study the performance
of block-coded transmission
over the land mobile channel, a new analytical expression illustrating
the effect of various parameters,
e,g., mobile speed, delay constraint, and parameters for the error correcting
code, is found. Comparisons
between the results obtained by this analytical expression and results
obtained by computer simulations
show that the analytical results are accurate for a broad range of channel
parameters. The Gilbert-Elliott
model is then used to compare the performance of different binary BCH codes
when the delay constraint
does not allow the assumption of infinite interleaving. In contrast to
the memoryless case, where the
performance typically is improved with increased block length, short codes
are found to be as good, or
even superior, due to the fact that the interleaver works better for shorter
codes.
7. On
first-order Markov modeling for the Rayleigh fading channel
Tan, C.C.; Beaulieu, N.C.
Calimetries Inc., Alameda, CA, USA
This paper appears in: Communications, IEEE Transactions on
On page(s): 2032 - 2040, Dec.
2000,
Volume: 48 Issue: 12
Abstract:
Previous models for the received signal amplitude of the flat-fading channel
that use first-order
finite-state Markov chains are examined. The stochastic properties of a
proposed first-order model
based on these models are examined. The limitations of using an information
theoretic metric, which is
sometimes used to justify a first-order Markov chain as a sufficient model
for very slowly fading
channels, are discussed. A simple method of qualitatively comparing autocorrelation
functions is instead
proposed. The usefulness of the first-order Markov chain in representing
the flat-fading channel is
examined by looking at two specific problems in wireless system applications
that represent two
disparate cases. The first case involves analysis over a short duration
of time, relative to the inverse of the
normalized Doppler frequency, while the second involves analysis over a
long duration of time. Contrary
to previous reports, the results indicate that first-order Markov chains
are not generally suitable for very
slowly fading channels. Rather, first-order Markov chains can be suitable
for very slowly fading
applications, which require analysis over only a short duration of time.
Abstract
Battery
power sensitive video processing in wireless networks
Agrawal, P.; Jyh-Cheng Chen; Kishore, S.; Ramanathan, P.; Sivalingam, K.
Abstract
Microsoft Research (China)
1. A
power-optimized joint source channel coding for scalable video streaming
over wireless channel
Qian Zhang; Wenwu Zhu; Zu Ji; Ya-Qin Zhang
Microsoft Research
This paper appears in: Circuits and Systems, 2001. ISCAS 2001. The 2001
IEEE International Symposium on
On page(s): 137 - 140, 6-9 May 2001, Volume: 5
2.
Joint Power Control and Source-Channel Coding for Video Communication over
Wireless Networks
Zhu Ji, Qian Zhang; Wenwu Zhu; Jianhua Lu; Ya-Qin Zhang
Microsoft Research
This paper appears in Vehicular Technology Conference, 2001. VTC 2001 Fall.
IEEE VTS 54th,
Volume: 3 , 2001 Page(s): 1658 -1662
VTC
1. Energy
Efficient Coding and Transmission
Efficient transmission of multimedia signals from energy limited portable
devices requires a fresh look
at the tradeoffs between source compression, channel coding and transmission
strategies. In this paper
we provide optimum operating points in terms of end-to-end source distortion
and total energy
consumption of the mobile due to compression, channel coding and transmission.
We illustrate that the
optimum strategy depends on the location of the mobile and that optimizing
can prolong the battery life
about ten times.
Northwestern
Univ. The Image and Video Processing Lab
Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 1998. The Ninth IEEE
International Symposium on , Volume: 1 , 1998
Page(s): 116 -120 vol.1
Abstract
Mobile computers typically have limited energy for computing and communications
due
to short battery lifetimes. Encoding, decoding, and transmission of video
information
require significant computing and communication resources. Low power encoding
and
decoding schemes have been researched extensively. In this paper, we focus
on
processing encoded video for transmission under low battery power conditions.
Such
processing, while conserving battery power, attempts to reduce deterioration
of video quality.
1. Layered Transmission of Signals over Power-constrained Wireless Channels
Masoud Khansari and Martin Vetterli
Transmission of layered information over a power-constrained channel is
considered.
We address the question of the power allocation policy where the goal is
to minimize
the overall end-to-end distortion. A layer ontaining significant information
is more
cheavily protected against channel error through allocating more power
to that layer.
We define an appropriate coding gain and show that the Karhunen-Loeve
transform (KLT) is the best unitary transform in the sense of maximizing
this gain.
Furthermore, we look that the embedded transmission of information and
compare
this method to orthogonal methods such as multicarrier transmission. We
also
consider end-to-end distortion optimization for broadcast channels.
Marc
P.C. Fossorier, Zixiang Xiong, Kenneth Zeger